"temp-" meaning in All languages combined

See temp- on Wiktionary

Root [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: Perhaps an extension of *ten-. Etymology templates: {{etymon|ine-pro|:from|*ten-<id:stretch>|id=stretch}} Head templates: {{ine-root}} *temp-
  1. to stretch, exert an effort on Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lithuanian",
              "lang_code": "lt",
              "raw_tags": [
                "inherited",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "sense": "to pull, stretch",
              "word": "tem̃pti"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*témptei"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian A",
              "lang_code": "xto",
              "word": "cämp-"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian B",
              "lang_code": "txb",
              "word": "cämp-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*témp-e-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian A",
              "lang_code": "xto",
              "word": "campär"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tḗmp-s-t ~ *témp-s-n̥t"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*tempos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "sense": "stretch",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*témp-os"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "raw_tags": [
                "inherited",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "roman": "tʻamb",
              "word": "թամբ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hyx-pro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tm̥p-eh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "word": "temptō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*temptos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tm̥p-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "word": "temptō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*temptos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*temp-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "sense": "womb, guts",
              "word": "þǫmb"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*þampō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tomp-éh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "sense": "to stretch, stiffen, maintain",
          "word": "tìept"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Prussian",
          "lang_code": "prg",
          "word": "tēmpran"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Persian",
              "lang_code": "fa",
              "roman": "tâb",
              "sense": "swing",
              "word": "تاب"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Persian",
              "lang_code": "fa",
              "roman": "tâftan",
              "sense": "to twist, twine",
              "word": "تافتن"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "ira-pro",
          "sense": "to twist, wind",
          "word": "*tāp-"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
      "lang_code": "iir-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Tocharian A",
          "lang_code": "xto",
          "word": "tampe"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
      "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "*ten-<id:stretch>",
        "id": "stretch"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps an extension of *ten-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*temp-",
      "name": "ine-root"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temp-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ten-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stretch, exert an effort on"
      ],
      "id": "en-temp--ine-pro-root-bjlWBgMS",
      "links": [
        [
          "stretch",
          "stretch"
        ],
        [
          "exert",
          "exert"
        ],
        [
          "effort",
          "effort"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "temp-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lithuanian",
              "lang_code": "lt",
              "raw_tags": [
                "inherited",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "sense": "to pull, stretch",
              "word": "tem̃pti"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*témptei"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian A",
              "lang_code": "xto",
              "word": "cämp-"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian B",
              "lang_code": "txb",
              "word": "cämp-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*témp-e-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian A",
              "lang_code": "xto",
              "word": "campär"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tḗmp-s-t ~ *témp-s-n̥t"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*tempos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "sense": "stretch",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*témp-os"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "raw_tags": [
                "inherited",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "roman": "tʻamb",
              "word": "թամբ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hyx-pro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tm̥p-eh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "word": "temptō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*temptos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tm̥p-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
                "uncertain"
              ],
              "word": "temptō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*temptos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*temp-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "sense": "womb, guts",
              "word": "þǫmb"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*þampō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*tomp-éh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "sense": "to stretch, stiffen, maintain",
          "word": "tìept"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Prussian",
          "lang_code": "prg",
          "word": "tēmpran"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Persian",
              "lang_code": "fa",
              "roman": "tâb",
              "sense": "swing",
              "word": "تاب"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Persian",
              "lang_code": "fa",
              "roman": "tâftan",
              "sense": "to twist, twine",
              "word": "تافتن"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "ira-pro",
          "sense": "to twist, wind",
          "word": "*tāp-"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
      "lang_code": "iir-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Tocharian A",
          "lang_code": "xto",
          "word": "tampe"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
      "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "*ten-<id:stretch>",
        "id": "stretch"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps an extension of *ten-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*temp-",
      "name": "ine-root"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temp-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ten-"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stretch, exert an effort on"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stretch",
          "stretch"
        ],
        [
          "exert",
          "exert"
        ],
        [
          "effort",
          "effort"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "temp-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for temp- meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.